How Is Income Tax Collected In South Africa?

By Dave Nyam •  Updated: 01/23/24 •  5 min read

Income tax offers the bulk of earnings for the South African government. All kinds of earnings, including citizens, organizations, and trusts, are liable to this remittance. Regarding tariffs, the South African Revenue Service (SARS) is the body in control. Various methods exist for SARS to collect income tax, including withholding funds prior to payment, requesting payments throughout the year, verifying tax returns, and reviewing data. Numerous public services, such as healthcare, education, transportation, pensions, and the military, are funded through income taxes.

- ADVERTISEMENT -

How is tax collected in South Africa?

People in South Africa pay taxes, which goes toward funding the government. There are both direct and indirect taxes involved here. Income, capital gains, dividends, donations, and estate duties are all direct tariffs levied on financial assets possessed by citizens or agencies. The items and services that citizens and organizations trade and maximize are liable to indirect tariffs such as value-added tax (VAT), customs duty, excise duty, fuel levy, and environmental levy.

Government agencies get varying forms of taxation from a vast range of sources. Most of the earnings from tariffs like income, value-added, customs, and excise head to the federal government. Tariffs on gaming, alcoholic drinks, and driver’s permits head to the provincial government. Income from taxes, such as property taxes, power surcharges, and garbage fees, goes toward local government funding.

The kind and location of the tax determine which entities are responsible for collecting it. Tariffs like income, VAT, customs, excise, and others are primarily fetched by SARS. Varied extra bodies are responsible for fetching tariffs; these include the National Treasury, which is in control of fuel and environmental levies; the Department of Trade and Industry, which is in control of gaming and liquor tariffs; and the varied local governments, which are in control of fetching property rates and other charges.

Who collects income tax in SA?

SARS, the taxman in South Africa, collects income tax from various sources.

Individuals? They’re taxed on their earnings from their jobs, businesses, investments, and so on. The tariff rate scales from 18 percent to 45 percent, based on the figure they receive. They must file a tariff return every year and clear any taxes due.

Companies aren’t left out. They’re taxed at a flat rate of 28 percent on their income. They, too, have to file an annual tax return and square up with SARS.

Trusts also have their share. They’re taxed at a flat rate of 45 percent on their income. Like anybody else, they must file a yearly tariff return and clear up.

- ADVERTISEMENT -

And next, other bodies like alliances, co-operatives, societies, associations, and non-profit companies add up. They’re taxed according to different rules and rates based on what they are and what they do. They must also file an annual tax return and pay their tax liability. It’s a busy time for everyone when tax season rolls around!

How does SARS collect tax?

SARS, South Africa’s tax authority, has a few tricks up its sleeve when it comes to collecting taxes.

First off, there’s withholding tax. This is when the payer, say your employer or bank, holds back a portion of your earnings or interest and sends it straight to SARS.

Next, we have provisional tax. This is for folks with income other than a salary, like a business or rental property. They pay their estimated taxes in two or three installments throughout the year.

Then there’s the self-assessment tax. When filing your annual income tax return, you calculate your taxable income and tax liability.

Lastly, SARS conducts tax audits. They check all your submitted information and documents to ensure everything’s above board. You could incur additional tax, penalties, and interest if they find any discrepancies or errors. As a result, it’s always indispensable to keep every detail precise and up-to-date!

What differentiates income tax and PAYE?

Each tariff on the cash you earn or generate, like wages, profits, compensations, capital gains, etc., is called “income tax.” Based on your yearly taxable earnings, SARS computes the income tax figure you owe, which you should clear after filing your income tariff return for that year.

On the other hand, the Pay As You Earn, mostly known as the PAYE system, discharges income tariffs in advance. By paying income tax and occasionally social insurance benefit taxes directly to SARS on your behalf, your employer is said to be participating in PAYE. Your company will provide you with an IRP5 certificate detailing your earnings and taxes paid. On this certificate, PAYE is displayed.

In other words, income tax represents the tax you owe in reality, whereas PAYE represents the tax you have previously paid. Following their assessment of your income tax return, SARS deducts PAYE from your income tax liability and either pays the remaining amount or reimburses you.

- ADVERTISEMENT -

Keep Reading

How Does Tax On Bonuses Work in South Africa?

How Does Tax On Bonuses Work in South Africa?

How Does Tax On Bonuses Work in South Africa? We are here with this helpful guide to taxation and bonuses in South Africa.

Taxes on Capital Gains

Taxes on Capital Gains

While most only encounter CGT a few times in our lives, it can be a hefty tax burden, and it is critical to understand what it does

Must-Know Income Tax Penalties In South Africa

Must-Know Income Tax Penalties In South Africa

Today we’re looking at some of the most common income tax penalties in South Africa, as well as how you can avoid triggering them and save yourself some cash.

What Are the Liabilities on a Tax Return?

What Are the Liabilities on a Tax Return?

Today we look at exactly what that ‘liabilities’ section means for you, what belongs there, and how to correctly assess and create your balance sheet for income tax purposes.

Exploring the Tax Implications of Gifts in South Africa

Exploring the Tax Implications of Gifts in South Africa

Today, we will unpack everything you need to know about this tax type to ensure you stay on the right side of the tax

How to Pre-Validate A Bank Account to Get An Income Tax Refund?

How to Pre-Validate A Bank Account to Get An Income Tax Refund?

The process for pre-validating your bank account to receive a refund of income taxes in South Africa is presented in this article.

How Are Married Couples Taxed In South Africa?

How Are Married Couples Taxed In South Africa?

This article will explain how married couples are taxed in South Africa, how much money they can gift to a family member tax-free

How Does Auto-Assessment Work?

How Does Auto-Assessment Work?

Today we are unpacking some of the key aspects of this new system, and what you should know about it.

Difference Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion?

Difference Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion?

Tax avoidance and tax evasion are often used interchangeably. Read on to learn the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance.    

How to Calculate Capital Gains Tax In South Africa

How to Calculate Capital Gains Tax In South Africa

How to Calculate Capital Gains Tax In South Africa. But don't fret; we're here to illuminate the art of calculating CGT in this vibrant nation.

Reasons Why Your Tax Refund Might Be Delayed

Reasons Why Your Tax Refund Might Be Delayed

Today, we’re exploring more about the South African tax refund process, what often delays it, and how you can aim for the smoothest possible experience.

How are Debt Funds Taxed?

How are Debt Funds Taxed?

Explore how debt funds are taxed, calculate tax on them, understand tax advantages, grasp dividend taxation on debt funds,

How to Submit Provisional Tax to SARS

How to Submit Provisional Tax to SARS

This article will guide you through submitting your provisional tax return to SARS. 

How to Avoid Paying Capital Gains Tax On An Inherited Property

How to Avoid Paying Capital Gains Tax On An Inherited Property

How to Avoid Paying Capital Gains Tax On an Inherited Property. We'll briefly touch on avoiding inheritance tax in South Africa.

What Does a Tax Attorney Do?

What Does a Tax Attorney Do?

This guide explains everything you want to know about the role of the tax attorney, career path, and potential earnings